Allegra
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Fexofenadine is an antihistamine that reduces the natural chemical histamine in the body.
Read less <<
GENETICS AGAIN
Most of us barely understand the social and political significance of the "mapping" of the human genome, much less the so-called "biotech sector" of businesses and their revolutionary new genetic technologies.
Still more of us, especially those whose lives do not involve constant work with computers, do not see that the broad advance of genetic technology is well on its way to rewriting the rules and vocabulary of human life. It is doing so in a way much more dramatic than even computer technology, which transformed the dominant units of human interaction from atoms to bits.
The storm on the horizon is enormous. Suddenly you are an operator of your own DNA—of your own geneware. In the twenty-first century we will change our genes, though much of the miracle will be subtle; we will be altering the environment and transforming nutrition rather than cutting and pasting genes in the bodies of our friends and ourselves. The amount of genetic information at our disposal will be extraordinary, and the combination of silicon-based hardware and genetic software—geneware—will enable radical new choices to be made. If control of the future has always been a central struggle of the human organism, biological efforts to control the operating systems of life will surely turn to attempts to make better children or to enhance those children after they are born so that their genes work to maximum capacity. Let's give my child better-than-average vision. And if my child can have better vision, why not me?
Much of this article is a look forward, but only a few months or years forward, to choices not yet being debated by the inventors or potential users of an entirely new world, one filled with genomic choices. You can download Web information now about what your genes mean or how much exercise you should undertake if you have a particular gene. By 2004 those same websites will upload information from the genetic samples stored in your pocket gene analyzer and return customized information about the relationship between your genes and your current health. No drug, no medical device will appear after 2010 without having been customized for a class of users with similar genetic information. Some of your genes will tell you that you have special advantages, and home genetic technology will let you choose activities and environments that play to your advantages, or challenge you in areas where you have a deficit compared with others in the database. Is your child "gifted"? In a decade, a finger prick and ten minutes' analysis of DNA will yield not only an answer but some suggestions: ". . . eyes suited to visual arts and complex sports . . . not insurable for contact sports due to 40% hereditary risk of
trauma-triggered arthritis . . . assertive-ness training may be necessary . . ."
My own greatest fear is not that society will go too far, somehow losing our or our children's "humanity," but rather that it will commercialize technologies that do not yet work very well. Genetically engineered tomatoes that taste good, genetic tests for cancer susceptibility that really tell patients more than patients could learn merely by checking out their family history, and gene therapy that is more effective than conventional therapy—all have eluded science despite billions of dollars in government and corporate investment. But this has not stopped the development of massive programs to engineer plants, test patients, and conduct gene therapy.
Just as Nicholas Negroponte's landmark article, Being Digital, inspired an entire new way of thinking about the role of computers and digital technology for a digital generation, it is my hope that this article will inspire new thinking about the challenges and opportunities that face all of us in this generation that is genomic. The genome is here—but not only as a scientific project; it is also a set of tools and technologies that envelop the entire practice of health care and will soon be central to all of our lives. No middle class suburbanite will be without home DNA analysis in 2010. No impoverished African child will be treated by physicians in 2005 without first volunteering a DNA sample to help make developed world genetics cheaper and better for the
suburbanites.
We are in the midst of a revolutionary shift from thinking about individual genes to being genomic, from examining what is possible to changing many of the institutions and rituals that today make us human. The generation that can embrace genomics, though, will enjoy a future in which enormous promise and incredible imagination reshape what it means to be alive and happy.
This century's children embrace the fat and happy cloned sheep, Dolly, as a lovable curiosity and line up by the hundreds to play with a cloned mouse in Chicago and Tokyo. Fear and loathing, the "wisdom of repugnance" of conservative Chicago bioethicist Leon Kass, is so five minutes ago, as are the awkward, stultifying hearings of countless commissions convened to discuss the social aspects of genetics and cloning. Traditional politics about abortion, technology, and ecology just do not resonate with new needs, priorities, and values.
As commissions of old white men hold "public hearings" attended by five or six bored drug lobbyists in London or Sydney or Washington, thousands of twenty-something-year-olds watch movies about genetic engineering, or buy a piece of a stem cell company from their PDA, or read 500-word editorials about genomics on the web.
It is time for new rules.
*2\248\2*
General health